Management's Discussion and Analysis
Safe harbor statement under the private securities litigation reform act of 1995
Statements in this report that are not statements of historical fact may be forward-looking statements, which involve risks and uncertainties, including - but not limited to - the economic outlook for the Company's markets, fluctuation of foreign currencies, fluctuation in vehicle production schedules for which the company is a supplier, continued uncertainty in program awards and performance, the financial results of companies in which Autoliv has made technology investments, and other factors discussed in Autoliv's filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission.
Key Financial Data| Years ended December 31, (Dollars in millions) |
2003 | 2002 | 2001 | |||
| |
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| Sales of airbag products (incl. steering wheels) |
$3,608 | 68% | $3,160 | 71% | $2,817 | 71% |
| Sales of seat belts (incl. seat components) |
1,693 | 32% | 1,283 | 29% | 1,174 | 29% |
| Total sales | $5,301 | 100% | $4,443 | 100% | $3,991 | 100% |
| Years ended December 31, (Dollars in millions) |
2003 | 20021) | 20011) | 20011)2) | |||||
| |
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| Gross profit | $1,003 | $803 | $663 | $663 | |||||
| Gross margin | 18.9% | 18.1% | 16.6% | 16.6% | |||||
| Operating income | $427 | $323 | $182 | $233 | |||||
| Operating margin | 8.1% | 7.3% | 4.5% | 5.8% | |||||
| Net income | $268 | $176 | $53 | $105 | |||||
| Net margin | 5.1% | 3.9% | 1.3% | 2.6% | |||||
| Earnings per share | $2.81 | $1.79 | $.54 | $1.07 | |||||
| Return on equity | 12% | 9% | 3% | 6% | |||||
1)As more fully described in note 20 to the Consolidated Financial
Statements, the Company has restated the 2002 and 2001 financial statements.
2) Adjusted to show the effects of FAS-142 "Goodwill and Other Intangible
Assets", as if the non-amortization of goodwill provisions had been applied
in 2001.
Overview
Autoliv,
Inc. (the "Company") provides advanced technology products for the automotive
market. Airbag modules, seat belts and inflators for airbags are supplied to
all major European, U.S. and Asian automobile manufacturers.
Seat belts and airbags are considered integrated safety systems
that function together under common electronic control systems for the protection
of occupants in motor vehicles.
The Company manufactures its products in several countries and,
for the most part, sells the products in those countries or other countries
in the same geographic region.
Although the Company has no customer accounting for more than 24%
of sales (See Note 18 to the Consolidated Financial Statements included herein)
and no single contract accounting for more than 4% of sales, the Company is
dependent on a relatively small number of customers with strong purchasing power.
The loss of all of the business of a single customer could have
a material adverse effect on the Company. In addition, a significant disruption
in the industry, a significant decline in demand or pricing or a dramatic change
in technology could have a material adverse effect.
The Company carries product liability and product recall insurance
with limits that management believes are sufficient to cover the risks. Such
insurance may not always be available in appropriate amounts and a substantial
recall, or liability in excess of coverage levels, could also have a material
adverse effect on the Company.
A number of trends have influenced Autoliv's operations in the years
2001, 2002 and 2003. The most significant have been the changes in light vehicle
production along with changes in vehicle model and customer mix, the growing
safety content per vehicle, raw materials and components costs, pricing pressure
from customers, and foreign exchange rates, especially between the U.S. dollar
and the Euro.
The level of interest rates, activity in the Company's share repurchase
program and increases in the rate of dividend payments have also had an impact
on the cost of financing the Company's operations.
From their low point in 2001 there has been a turnaround in the
Company's results. Since 2001, the impact of the various factors influencing
the Company's reported results has been steadily increasing margins and cash
generation.
Light Vehicle Production
The level of light vehicle production is an important factor influencing Autoliv's
business. Historically, it has been light vehicle production in the Triad (i.e.
Europe, North America and Japan) that has been most significant. In these markets,
light vehicle production has declined in recent years. However, light vehicle
production is increasing rapidly in the rest of Asia. The Company, having positioned
itself to benefit from these emerging markets through both consolidated subsidiaries
and joint ventures, is already benefiting from the growth in this region.
The level of light vehicle production is influenced by global economic
activity, with variations in regional activity being especially important. In
the short-term, production levels can be somewhat erratic within regions and
over the course of a year. Although broadly speaking the Company's sales are
positively correlated to light vehicle production, vehicle model and customer
mix is more important.
Since roughly one-third of the Company's costs are relatively fixed,
should there be a dramatic reduction in the level of production of vehicles
supplied by the Company in any of its major markets, there would be a short-term
negative impact on margins. The Company's initial response would be to reduce
the number of temporary employees and to reduce its component purchases.
However, it would take considerable time to reduce the level of
permanent employees, and to reduce fixed production capacity.
Safety Content per Vehicle
The most important long-term trend is that Autoliv's market continues to be
driven by the growing safety content per vehicle. This enables Autoliv to increase
its sales above the 2% long-term growth rate of global light vehicle production.
A specific major driver of this trend is the Inflatable Curtain
for side-impact and rollover protection. The market for this airbag is expected
to grow to approximately 30 million in annual unit sales by 2005, from less
than 10 million in 2001.
Consolidation and Restructuring
The Company had experienced sustained growth, both organic and acquisition
driven, for several years, but following a drop in vehicle production in the
major markets that started in late 2000, the Company entered a consolidation
phase.
Since late 2000, the Company has been more active in restructuring
to reduce costs, has increased focus on control of working capital and has reduced
levels of capital expenditure.
At the same time, the Company has continued to make strategic acquisitions
and has disposed of certain small, non-core component manufacturing operations.
Acquisitions, however, have been at a fairly modest level. Furthermore, the
Company has continued to invest in the development of new products and in capacity
to support growth.
Component Costs
The Company, at each stage of production, relies on internal or external suppliers
in order to meet its delivery commitments. The Company may be dependent, in
certain instances, on a single supplier for certain components.
In addition, the Company's customers, in many cases, require that
the Company's suppliers are qualified and approved by them. Disruptions in the
supply chain could lead to extra costs in order to meet delivery commitments.
The cost of materials is approximately 50% of sales. Direct materials
are comprised of approximately 25% raw materials and 75% value added by the
supply chain. Changes in raw material prices typically feed through in six to
twelve months. Approximately 35% of the raw materials cost is based on steel
prices, 30% on oil prices (i.e. nylon polyester and engineering plastics) and
15% on circuit boards and other electronic components. The remaining raw materials
costs are based primarily on aluminum, magnesium and copper prices.
Prices of materials fluctuate and are influenced by regional economic
conditions and currency fluctuations. The Company´s strategy is to offset
price pressure on costs of materials by taking an increasingly global approach
and by taking actions such as consolidating volumes to fewer suppliers and moving
components sources from high to low-cost countries.
Pricing Pressure
Pricing pressure from customers is an inherent part of the automotive components
business. The extent of reductions varies from year-to-year, and is increasingly
taking the form of reductions in reimbursements for engineering work rather
than direct sales price reductions. In response, the Company is continuously
engaged in efforts to reduce costs, including shifting production to low-labor-cost
countries, product redesigns, product standardization, efficiencies from global
purchasing activities and improvements in manufacturing productivity. The Company
also works to give customers added value by developing new products and through
its world-class engineering organization and test facilities.
The Company's various cost-reduction programs are, to a considerable
extent, interrelated. This interrelationship makes it extremely difficult to
isolate the impact of any single program on costs and management does not generally
attempt to do so. Instead, management monitors key measures such as costs as
a percentage of sales, margins and geographical employee mix.
Foreign Exchange Rates
The Euro is the largest currency to which the Company is exposed and net sales
denominated in Euros comprised around half of 2003 sales. Approximately one-third
of net sales were denominated in U.S. dollars. The second quarter of 2002 reflected
a major reversal in the U.S. dollar/Euro exchange rate trend. For the first
time in many years, reported sales were increased by currency effects. This
also affected equity as the stronger Euro began to generate positive Cumulative
Translation Adjustments ("CTA").
Since the spring of 2002, the dollar has weakened by around 40%
against the Euro. Since the beginning of 2002, CTA has added $228 million to
the Company's reported equity.
| 2003 Average |
2003 Year end |
2002 Average |
2002 Year end |
2001 Average |
2001 Year end |
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| EUR | 1.127 | 1.250 | 0.941 | 1.042 | 0.896 | 0.883 | ||
| AUD | 0.648 | 0.747 | 0.542 | 0.564 | 0.518 | 0.509 | ||
| GBP | 1.631 | 1.775 | 1.498 | 1.603 | 1.441 | 1.451 | ||
| SEK | 0.123 | 0.137 | 0.103 | 0.113 | 0.097 | 0.094 | ||
| JPY/1000 | 8.620 | 9.347 | 7.972 | 8.380 | 8.238 | 7.617 | ||
Interest Costs
Interest rates peaked in late 2000 and, in the past three years, have more
or less continuously trended downwards. Autoliv benefited, but only partially,
from this trend, having locked in fixed rates on a portion of its borrowings
in accordance with Corporate policy.
Autoliv's weighted average funding cost peaked at 6.2% in December
2000, dropped to 4.9% at the end of 2002 and was 4.5% at December 31, 2003.
Share Buy-backs and Dividends
In order to increase shareholder value and to return funds to shareholders the Company initiated a share repurchase program in 2000. In addition, between December 2002 and February 2004, the Company has raised the quarterly dividend three times by a total of 82%.